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What is a nature-positive economy?

In Japan, a growing number of businesses are adopting a global framework that assesses, reports, and acts on environmental risks and impacts, with the aim of shifting financial flows into more eco-friendly outcomes. It’s part of a slowly emerging trend worldwide.

Across the globe, interest in nature-positive economies has piqued.

With the primary aim of shifting financial flows into projects that tackle land degradation, biodiversity loss, and the climate crisis, they’ve slowly been emerging as an appealing way for governments, banks, and corporations to offset their carbon footprints.

Nature-positive economies are good for planet and people, helping to safeguard and restore our ecosystems while enabling sustainable development for local communities.

They work by funnelling funds from businesses – required to adhere to the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, which assesses, reports, and acts on a company’s environmental risks and impacts – into conservation efforts.

In other words, they guarantee we’re investing in nature and forging a global economy that’s nature-positive as well as net-zero.

Reforms include changing the ‘rules of the game’ so we move away from a global economy that’s based solely on the pursuit of indefinite production and consumption responsible for ecological breakdown.

Our economies are dependent on and embedded in nature, so the overarching goal is for natural resources and nature’s services to be properly valued, and environmental externalities properly disclosed, priced, and built into financial markets.

‘Historic underinvestment in nature has resulted in substantial private-sector investment opportunities in climate, land, and agriculture,’ CEO of Climate Asset Management, Martin Berg, tells McKinsey & Company.

‘Because costs for protecting and restoring nature are still externalised, transition funds will need to be invested into projects while corporate demand is built. Nature is the next obvious investment trend. We are seeing investment prospects increase for more sustainably managed land as well as regenerative foods and agriculture.’

No country has yet to embrace a nature-positive economy as eagerly as Japan has, however, where society’s co-existence with the Earth has been ingrained in its culture for centuries.

The Japanese, in fact, are so dedicated to living in harmony with nature that the country is home to some of the most untouched environments in the world and forests account for nearly 70% (more than 25,000,000 hectares) of its total land area of 37,790,000 hectares.

Of course, Japan is also notorious for the role that it’s played in advancing the technology we use today, with the capital city of Tokyo the visual embodiment of this – a hub of futuristic innovation that’s starkly in contrast with much of the country’s idyllic natural landscapes.

So, how is a country that’s simultaneously ahead of its time and deeply respectful of the natural world involved with what’s essentially a new rendition of the circular economy?

By 2050, Japan plans to reduce the atmospheric CO2 it generates to ‘Beyond Zero.’

In 2022, the country adopted the Kunming-Montreal framework to streamline this, outlining a strategy that prioritises nature conservation and uplifts its economic policies to transition to a decarbonised future as smoothly as possible.

The strategy focuses on integrating nature preservation methods into company’s value creation processes; creating job opportunities through sustainable approaches; implementing governmental initiatives to facilitate the shift; green infrastructure development to enhance natural habitats; and carbon crediting.

It envisions ‘a transition to a nature-positive economy which covers areas such as carbon and biodiversity credits that could generate 47 trillion yen ($309.7 billion) in new business opportunities annually by 2030.’

This would place it front and centre in the pivot towards nature-positive economies, but the question now is: will the rest of the world follow suit?

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