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Our playbook guide to deceptive fossil fuel practices: part five

When it comes to the insidious techniques that the industry is using to greenwash its image, undermine climate negotiations, and delay progress, there are many. Here, we break down crisis actors and fake experts.

If you’ve been following this series over the last fortnight, you’ll likely have noticed a pattern.

The fossil fuel industry is relentless in upholding its big business agenda, even as the climate crisis worsens. Considering both COP28 and the industry’s history, the hope of a genuine fossil fuel phase-out seems impossible.

Whether it’s astroturfing, corporate personhood, greenwashing, individualising systemic problems, net zero claims, carbon offsetting, undermining climate science, or targeting young people, there are plenty of tactics we’ve outlined so far to prove just how rampant this issue continues to be.

We aren’t done yet, either.

In this article, we’ll be breaking down two more deceptive practices designed to undermine climate progress. Have you ever heard of ‘crisis actors’ or the phrase ‘fake experts’? We’ll be examining how both these concepts are continually utilised by fossil fuel leaders to give us the impression that activists and scientists are not to be trusted.

 

What are some historic and modern examples of ‘crisis actor’ narratives?

If we were to phase out fossil fuels, the industry would be at serious financial risk. As a result, lobbyists appear willing to try just about anything to stay in business.

One such method is to coerce the public into believing that climate activists are ‘crisis actors’. Fossil fuel leaders encourage the public to accuse Big Oil, Coal, and Gas critics of being paid for their work.

Why do this, you may be wondering?

It’s a deliberate tactic to erode public outrage. If it appears that some activists are deceptive or inauthentic, we feel less inclined to join in ourselves. Casting doubt over the validity of public protest stalls momentum in outrage, delays change of public opinion, and ultimately undermines the actual goals of real climate action.

This practice can be dated all the way back to the early twentieth century. Ivy Lee, a founder of modern public relations, accused workers on strike at Standard Oil’s mine in Ludlow of being hired by a local labour union in 1914. He blamed the ensuing violence on an activist called Mother Jones.

Lee was hired by Standard Oil to recover people’s trust in the company by peddling falsehoods disguised as objective facts to the press. He succeeded in changing attitudes towards Standard Oil’s wrongdoings.

More recently, Just Stop Oil has faced accusations of fossil fuel company collation from various unverified social media accounts.

On its website, the group states that the majority of its funding comes from the Climate Emergency Fund (CEF). While this may seem innocent enough on the surface, reports have since circulated online that CEF is funnelling money into bad-faith actors aiming to make activists look bad.

Whether this is misinformation or not, the rhetoric that Just Stop Oil is secretly in the pocket of coal, oil, and gas billionaires has left its mark.

To the fossil fuel industry’s advantage, we’ve begun questioning if Just Stop Oil’s commitment to its cause is genuine or part of an ulterior motive.

 

Promoting dissenting non-experts to boost climate denialism

Given the current widespread distrust of experts in the US, this strategy is arguably the most problematic – and effective.

It involves the fossil fuel industry citing dissenting non-experts (which are promoted as being highly qualified while not having published any actual research or received any relevant education) to cast doubt on the expert consensus on human-caused global warming.

This started in the 90s, when the PR firms of coal, oil, and gas companies first positioned contrarian scientists including Willie Soon, William Happer, and David Legates as ‘experts’ whose opinions on climate change they demanded should be taken seriously.

The fossil fuel industry recognised that, without fake research to frame denial, it wouldn’t be able to fight real science. It then began to promote funded-sceptics to conceal the truth that practically the entire scientific community agrees climate change exists and is our fault.

The most prominent example of this is an internet petition from 2008, which was signed by over 31,000 ‘experts’ stating ‘there is no convincing scientific evidence that human release of carbon dioxide will, in the foreseeable future, cause catastrophic heating of the Earth’s atmosphere.’

More than 99% of the signatories have no expertise in climate research, however, as the cohort was later revealed to be made up of graduates of programmes in computer science, veterinary science, and mechanical engineering, as well as dead people and pop stars.

While it is hard to determine the effectiveness of this approach, it’s likely to have worked.

For most busy people, seeing a name in the news with ‘scientist’ or ‘PHD’ attached is enough to warrant respectability, and cast doubt over their confidence in genuine research from actual scientists.

How has public opinion been affected in the last few decades? Let’s run the numbers up.

Three decades ago, polls showed that about 80% of Americans were aware of climate change and accepted that something had to be done about it.

By 2008, Gallup found a marked partisan divide and by 2010, the American public’s belief in climate change had hit an all-time low of 48%, regardless of how those 20 years saw increased research, improved climate models, and several predictions about the repercussions of rising temperatures come to fruition.

It’s for this reason that exposing these denialism tactics – specifically manipulating us into thinking that the good guys are the bad guys and the platforming of tired lies – is so essential.

Once we understand the ways in which we’re being deceived, misinformation has no power over us. We can finally hold the fossil fuel industry accountable for destroying the planet and lying about it.

To learn more from our ongoing series, click here.

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