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Study says gluten-free often means fewer nutrients and more sugar

A study published in Plant Foods for Human Nutrition has found that gluten-free products typically provide less protein and more sugar and calories than regular ones.

Ironically, gluten-free usually costs more.

When you go gluten-free, you aren’t paying based on nutritional content, but more the processes required to remove the protein from food – yes, gluten is a protein.

Gluten-free ingredients like almond flour or quinoa are pricier than their more common alternatives, and aren’t produced in bulk by manufacturers because supply is already meeting demand. The vast majority of people love their wheat, and don’t have any sort of intolerance that would spark a desire to go without it.

Nonetheless, ‘gluten-free’ has become a wellness buzzword akin to ‘organic’ in the West, with food brands and influencers feeding public belief that it offers boundless health benefits. Unbiased research into the industry, however, is painting a very different picture.

A new study published in Plant Foods for Human Nutrition has found that gluten-free foods often provide less protein, more sugar, and more calories than their gluten-containing counterparts. In other words, the perceived benefits of these products may be grossly exaggerated.

Comparing a lineup of products both created with and without the protein, researchers discovered that those missing gluten lacked protein content, essential nutrients, and dietary fibre. The latter is usually added to gluten-free products through supplements during processing, but this method is known to hinder protein digestion.

The study highlighted how difficult it is to find a gluten-free food which excels in all baseline nutritional areas, such as being high in protein and fibre but low in sugar and carbohydrates. The study reasons, based on the evidence, that long-term adherence to gluten-free diets may lead to an increased body mass index (BMI) and nutritional deficiencies.

This is a complete deviation from the mainstream craze of a few years ago, where gluten was labelled the enemy of a healthy diet – especially in the US. Noise around the industry was so fervent that South Park depicted people exploding after consuming gluten back in 2014.

In 2024, the gluten-free market was valued at $7.28bn and projected to surpass $13.81bn by 2032. It was estimated that the US would hold around half of this global figure alone.

Currently, 25% of the US population is still buying these products, which is way more than those with celiac disease and wheat allergies combined. This shows that people continue to take on gluten-free diets for reasons beyond medical necessity, probably influenced by exaggerated or unfounded claims about the health benefits. There’s next to no financial incentive, either.

There are gluten-free seeded breads that offer significantly more fibre per 100 grams than regular seeded loafs, but in terms of an entire diet shift, it would appear the change is nutritionally detrimental. Who would’ve thought?

It just goes to show how quickly pseudo-science is accepted in the public consciousness. This is a reminder to never take any drastic lifestyle changes lightly, especially if it concerns our health.

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