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New wait times highlight NHS’s struggle with rising ADHD and autism awareness

NHS bodies have imposed a two-year minimum wait for assessments as demand for diagnosis soars. 

There are many benefits to raising awareness for neurodevelopmental conditions. The taboos that kept thousands suffering in silence have significantly decreased in the UK, and support is more readily available than ever before. But besides there still being significant room for improvement in the neurodevelopmental care sector, the growing demand for diagnosis of conditions – particularly ADHD and autism – has placed a strain on the National Health Service. 

Now NHS bodies are forcing those with suspected ADHD and autism to wait at least two years before they can be assessed for the conditions. Four NHS integrated care boards (ICBs) have said they cannot afford the cost of the number of assessment people are seeking. 

But patient groups have pushed back on what they deem ‘scandalous’ delays that could damage children’s chances of succeeding early in life. The charity ADHD UK denounced the minimum waits as ‘heartless and dangerous’. 

15 ICBs, which cover 19 million people in England, have introduced the rationed assessments as a means of handling the huge rise in demand. Mel Merrit, Head of Policy and Influencing at the National Autistic Society, responded to the news alongside comments from the parents of autistic children. 

‘Restricting access to autism assessments denies people support because, while it shouldn’t be the case, a diagnosis is needed to get help. For children, this can mean years of wasted school while they wait for an assessment and further waits to get a plan for support and adjustments to be put into place,’ Merrit said on the National Autistic Society’s website. 

‘Autistic people experience some of the starkest inequalities in our society. They are three times more likely to die by suicide than non-autistic people, twice as likely to be excluded from school than non-SEND students and only three in 10 autistic people are in work, one of the lowest employment rates.’

Rosalyn, a mother to autistic daughter Imogen, said that a five-and-half-year wait for an assessment and diagnosis led to significant deterioration in her child’s mental health. 

‘And we waited. And we waited. I kept emailing every few months to say ‘Where is she?’ And they would say ‘Oh, it’s a 12-month waiting list’. And then after a year: ‘It’s an 18-month waiting list’. And then: ‘It’s a 24-month waiting list’, Rosalyn told The Guardian. 

‘Getting a diagnosis is important,’ she added. ‘It is helpful to understand who you are.’ It also drastically affects the level of support individuals have access to. ‘Quite a lot of doors are shut to you if you don’t have a diagnosis.’

That’s not to say the NHS is refusing care to those who need it. Behind the restrictions is a health service struggling to balance an unprecedented rise in demand against finite budgets. There are currently around 960,000 people in England waiting for an ADHD assessment and a further 295,000 waiting for an autism assessment.

Private providers now carry out around half of NHS-funded ADHD assessments and a third of autism assessments, meaning that the NHS is increasingly reliant on external providers to meet demand.

The cost of this arrangement has also risen sharply. West Yorkshire ICB, for example, said its bill for ADHD and autism assessments increased from £7m in 2023-24 to £21m the following year. Elsewhere, NHS leaders have reported spending increases of up to tenfold in a single year. One ICB reported that its monthly spending had risen from £146,000 to £1.5m.

There are also concerns about the rapidly expanding private assessment market. The NHS Alliance has warned of huge variations in the prices being paid for apparently similar services, with one ICB reporting costs ranging from £300 to £3,000.

The debate is also arriving alongside a government-commissioned review into the dramatic increase in diagnoses of ADHD, autism and mental-health conditions. The report, led by Professor Peter Fonagy, is expected to examine the reasons behind the rise and the pressures it has created across healthcare, schools, families and employers.

Figures cited ahead of its publication show that the proportion of seven-to-18-year-old boys diagnosed with autism rose from 0.2% in 2000 to 4.7% in 2025, while ADHD rose from 0.4% to 5.1%.

Awareness may have made it easier for people to recognise themselves in conditions that were once poorly understood. But the NHS is now having to confront the consequences of that awareness. It leaves a growing population seeking answers, and a diagnostic system that does not yet have the capacity to provide them.

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