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Deforestation surges despite Cop26 pledge

An area the size of Switzerland was cleared from Earth’s most pristine rainforests last year, suggesting that world leaders’ commitment to halt their destruction by 2030 is failing.

Last year, an area of tropical rainforest the size of Switzerland was felled.

This is according to a damning new report by the World Resources Institute (WRI), which has revealed that between the Bolivian Amazon and Ghana, the equivalent of 11 football pitches of ‘primary rainforest’ were destroyed every minute of 2022.

WRI’s satellite-based deforestation monitoring platform (Global Forest Watch) recorded the destruction of more than 4.1m hectares within this timeframe, an increase of around 10% from 2021.

It found the hardest-hit country to be Brazil, accounting for 43 per cent of global losses, followed by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (13 per cent) and Bolivia (9 per cent).

On the contrary, Indonesia – where forest destruction has slowed for the fifth year running – managed to keep rates of loss near record low levels after significant corporate and government action during the last decade.

It’s a similar story in Malaysia. In both countries, oil palm corporations also appear to be taking action, with some 83% of palm oil refining capacity now operating under no deforestation, no peatland, and no exploitation commitments.

As it states, the planet’s most carbon-dense and biodiverse ecosystems were cleared for cattle ranching, agriculture, and mining, with local Indigenous communities forced from their land by extractive industries in some countries.

This is extremely concerning given that experts have repeatedly warned humans are destroying one of the most effective tools for mitigating global warming and halting biodiversity loss.

Without it, they stress, we face a rapid exacerbation of the climate crisis, because rainforests are the largest natural shield we have protecting us from our own impact on the environment, soaking up the massive amounts of heat-trapping emissions that are driving our ecological emergency.

‘Forest protection and forest restoration is about so much more than a carbon price,’ said the UN’s environmental chief, Inger Andersen, in response to the figures.

She has called for a higher price for forest carbon to eliminate the short-term economic incentive to clear rainforests.

Through carbon markets, countries with forests that are critical to the climate – such as Peru – could receive payments to keep them standing, although there are doubts about their conservation success and ability to scale to the required size.

‘It is about protecting biodiversity; protecting the livelihoods of Indigenous people and local communities, and sustaining the hydrological cycle to stabilise weather patterns and protect ourselves against landslides, soil erosion and flooding,’ continues Andersen.

‘We simply cannot afford to lose more forest cover.’

The figures also go against the promises made by world leaders at Cop26, when they committed to working collectively to ‘halt and reverse forest loss and land degradation by 2030’ and pledged £14bn in public and private funds towards stopping deforestation activities.

In total, leaders from countries covering around 85% of global forests signed up, including former Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro, who notoriously relaxed the enforcement of laws to allow development in the Amazon rainforest.

‘Are we on track to halt deforestation by 2030? The short answer is a simple no,’ said Rod Taylor of WRI.

‘Globally, we are far off track and trending in the wrong direction. Our analysis shows that global deforestation in 2022 was over 1m hectares above the level needed to be on track to zero deforestation by 2030. There’s an urgency to get a peak and decline in deforestation, even more urgent than the peak and decline in carbon emissions. Because once you lose forests, they’re just so much harder to recover. They’re kind of irrecoverable assets.’

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