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Is vocational training the future of education?

On World Youth Skills Day, the UN has argued a changing job market calls for a new educational approach. 

The world looks very different from a decade ago, when I was taking my A-Levels. Now young people are leaving school to a largely thankless job market, ill-equipped to accommodate the skills learnt through traditional education.

Technological development, the rise of AI, and a professional landscape transformed by remote working have left gen z and gen alpha to navigate a world that has very little space for them – despite more and more young people heading to university.

As a result, the UN have argued that education should shift away from technical skills alone, and instead balance its focus to address more vocational training.

The theme of this year’s World Youth Skills Day – started by the UN in 2014 – is ‘Skills for a Shared Future’, and reflects on the importance of empathy, understanding, and building a sustainable and inclusive world.

Unesco states on their website that this theme focuses on activities that ‘develop innovative youth skills programmes’ and ‘prepare young people to successfully participate in societies and economies, where they can lead in empathy, communicate across culture, build resilience and contribute to a better future.’

Any recent university graduate will probably tell you that today’s job market requires more than a healthy CV. Even the most prestigious institutions and degrees aren’t enough to compete in most industries – particularly tech, where rapid development and constant restructuring are leaving even the most experienced workers vulnerable.

‘Skills for a Shared Future’ suggests that the ability to navigate this increasingly complex world is far more valuable than what’s listed on your resume, and that this is only achieved through confidence, curiosity, and resilience. But it’s also incredibly difficult to quantify these skills, let alone teach them in our modern education system.

A new survey in Europe has also found strong support for vocational education and training VET) across the continent.

85% of those surveyed said VET gives useful technical skills for work, 82% said it leads to actually job opportunities, and 66% said it leads to well-paid jobs.

Others argued VET provided broader routes into higher education, with opportunities to study abroad as an added benefit.

Critics have suggested vocational education doesn’t do enough to teach basic skills like reading and writing – with fears around the loss of these skills rising as a result of AI. But there’s no denying a new approach to education is needed in such a rapidly changing world.

It’s not even so much about what skills we focus on teaching young children, but rather the structures in place that allow skills to grow. The capabilities of young people aren’t the problem. The number of university graduates is growing and both GCSE and A-Level results are the highest they’ve ever been in the UK. The bigger issue is how many opportunities are being created for gen z.

That’s why conversations around vocational education feel so charged this year. They’re no longer just about learning a trade, but also about adaptability and giving young people the confidence to move between industries. It’s the difference between knowing how to respond to a labour market that reinvents itself every few years.

That doesn’t mean universities have become obsolete, or that academic learning has somehow lost its value. Higher education still provides critical thinking, research skills and specialist knowledge that many professions depend on. The problem is that we’ve spent decades presenting university as the default definition of success, while treating vocational routes as a backup plan. In reality, the modern economy increasingly demands both.

The challenge is in recognising that the distinction between vocational and traditional education is becoming less meaningful. Employers want graduates who can communicate and collaborate to solve problems just as much as they want technical expertise. Likewise, apprentices and vocational students need opportunities to continue learning throughout their careers as industries evolve.

Education has always been about preparing young people for the future. The difficulty is that today’s future is changing faster than our classrooms can keep up with. If World Youth Skills Day is asking us to rethink what counts as a valuable skill, it’s also asking us to rethink what success in education looks like.

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