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Is menstrual blood the future of female healthcare?

How ‘femtech’ startups are using groundbreaking tests to overhaul a systemically misogynistic healthcare system.

Despite around 800 million people experiencing a period on any given day, very little is known about menstrual blood.

The history of menstruation is itself a fraught story – women and those who menstruate have been ushered into a code of shameful silence since time immemorial, and despite strides in healthcare and gender rights, this sense of taboo has lingered.

Female reproductive healthcare is still underfunded and understudied. Women suffer immense pain after facing misdiagnosis or dismissal by medical professionals.

In the UK, just 2.1% of medical research funding goes to reproductive conditions, despite research showing that 31% of women experience severe issues with their reproductive health.

Self-professed ‘femtech’ startups are fighting to change that, many of them using menstrual blood as a springboard from which to overhaul the healthcare landscape. One such company is Qvin, founded by Dr Sara Naseri.

Dr Naseri hopes her business can help those who menstruate to better understand their bodies whilst making strides for medical research more broadly – particularly where it relates to menstruating bodies. Qvin takes monthly blood samples in a bid to offer ground-breaking new health insights.

‘Blood is the most commonly-used bodily fluid for medical decision-making,’ says Dr Naseri. ‘I thought: women bleed every month. Why has nobody used this blood for health purposes?’

Indeed, Qvin’s research has shown that menstrual blood can be used to monitor anything from blood sugar to cholesterol levels.

But Qvin isn’t alone in its quest. Other brands have emerged with their own spin on the menstrual blood testing process. Brands like NextGen Jane (NGJ), a Bay Area-based startup founded in 2014.

NGJ relies on women across the US to package and mail their used tampons each month, and so far they’ve obtained around 2,500 samples this way. These companies have found themselves in a race to develop blood tests using menstrual effluent collected non-invasively at home.

The hope is that this technology will help to diagnose gynecological and reproductive health conditions for those who send in their menstrual blood for analysis. But despite this emphasis, the blood could also be used to track hormones, screen for cancers, monitor diseases such as diabetes and boost stem cell research.

‘Menstrual blood is an obvious biological specimen that has been totally neglected,’ says Christine Metz, who co-leads the Research Outsmarts Endometriosis project. ‘It is considered waste but in fact it’s a real treasure.’

It’s hardly surprising that the substance has been so overlooked from a medical standpoint, given the aforementioned taboo surrounding menstruation itself. Women have been taught that this specific type of blood is dirty and useless – something to be hidden away at all costs.

Despite my best efforts, the thought of leaking through a sanitary towel or tampon in public still fills me with dread – but why should it be any more brow-raising than a nosebleed?

Menstrual blood is a research golden ticket because it’s easy to obtain non-invasively. It can also deliver messages to doctors that other bodily fluids cannot, because it contains cells and molecules that reflect the state of the uterus.

At this stage, any breakthrough is focused on endometriosis, a debilitating progressive disease that affects around 10% of women worldwide. Firms like NGJ and Qvin believe that molecular makeup of menstrual blood can help doctors hunt for signs of endometriosis before symptoms arise, as well as providing clues on how to treat it.

Abigail Trotter, a 23-year-old living with endometriosis, was one of thousands of women who have sent their menstrual blood to NGJ in hopes of finding a cure.

‘All the years you go without it being diagnosed it is spreading, wreaking havoc on your inner parts,’ she told The Guardian. ‘A surgical procedure just to have it diagnosed… [that] really does need change,’ she said.

Femtech startups are hoping to use a molecular approach to spot abnormalities in the cells of period blood from those affected by the disease. ‘From that combination,’ says Metz ‘we can develop a diagnostic.’

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