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New investigation suggests NHS doctors are operating under culture of fear

The findings state mothers and babies are at increased risk of harm due to a toxic ‘cover-up culture’ within the National Health Service. 

‘Something must have gone badly wrong’ in the NHS, said Charles Massey this week. The chief executive of the General Medical Council (GMC) was speaking at a conference when he referred to new evidence that trainee obstetrics and gynaecology doctors were too afraid to raise concerns in the face of wrongdoing.

New GMC figures show that 27% of trainees in maternity wards have admitted to feeling hesitant about escalating patient issues to a senior doctor. This culture of fear is putting both mothers and babies at serious risk of harm.

The findings come as 14 NHS trusts in England are now under investigation for maternity safety failings. Massey said that a ‘tribal’ nature of medicine was setting doctors and midwives against each other, discouraging collaboration and punishing honesty in the face of crisis.

As a result, mistakes are being hidden rather than addressed – and in a work environment where life or death hang in the balance, momentary hesitation can be the difference between avoiding a fatal crisis.

Massey added that it was ‘profoundly concerning’ that doctors are making life and death decisions in a fear-led environment.

‘Those are the very factors that lead to cover-up and candor, and obfuscation over honesty,’ he explained. ‘And it is in those cultures that the greatest patient harm occurs.’

Trainees have described being left without support, and worried that speaking up will harm their careers. The GMC’s data highlights a difficult working culture – one hampered by high levels of workload stress, bullying and burnout across a thinly stretched NHS system.

Given the lack of funding, shortage of staff, and legislative crackdowns on the National Health Service, it may not come as a surprise that staff are feeling the sting. But this isn’t the first time maternity services have been exposed.

‘Everyone in this room will be aware of the scandals of recent years concerning maternity care,’ Massey told the Health Service Journal conference this week. ‘This is one of the most high pressure and high risk areas of medicine. One where the consequences of things going wrong can be especially tragic and far-reaching.’

Decisions about interventions during labour or surgery cannot be delayed. Yet almost a third of junior doctors admit they hesitate to escalate care because of the culture around them.

As Stylist reports, many feel unsupported and isolated. They are trusted with huge responsibility but given little protection when something goes wrong. That mismatch leaves both staff and patients exposed.

Massey argues this cover-up culture’ is now systemic. Doctors are expected to appear infallible. Hospitals, keen to avoid reputational damage and litigation, reinforce that pressure. The result is a climate where errors are hidden rather than corrected – and in maternity care, that costs lives.

This is about more than one specialty. Public trust in the NHS depends on patients believing the system is safe and honest. When mothers and babies are put at risk by silence, confidence in the service erodes.

Alongside the investigation, a new maternity and neonatal task force has been set up, chaired by health secretary Wes Streeting and composed of experts and bereaved families who have lived experience of system failings.

‘Bereaved families have shown extraordinary courage in coming forward to help inform this rapid national investigation,’ said Streeting. ‘What they have experienced is devastating, and their strength will help protect other families from enduring what they have been through.

‘I know that NHS maternity and neonatal workers want the best for these mothers and babies, and that the vast majority of births are safe and without incident, but I cannot turn a blind eye to failures in the system.

Every single preventable tragedy is one too many. Harmed and bereaved families will be right at the heart of this investigation to ensure no one has to suffer like this again.’

Massey has also made clear the current situation cannot hold. Protecting trainees who speak up, creating safe channels for reporting, and dismantling defensive management cultures will be crucial.

The NHS is supposed to be the safest place to give birth. Instead, it’s a place where mothers and babies are being harmed – and staff are too scared to say so.

The fix is obvious, if not easy. Protect whistleblowers. Strip back the defensive management culture. Train leaders to prioritise safety over PR.

A health system that teaches doctors to stay silent is life threatening as well as broken.

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