Bribery
In 2010, an investigation by the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act revealed that Panalpina Inc., a U.S. subsidiary of a global freight forwarding company, paid millions in bribes to foreign government officials on behalf of six major oil companies and their subsidiaries.
These bribes were paid to officials in at least ten countries including Mexico, Nigeria, Angola, Brazil and India, allowing them to bypass local rules and importing regulations, obtain lower tax estimates, and extend drilling contracts.
Five of the companies pled guilty or paid settlements totaling US$236 million. In 2021, these same companies reported roughly US$20B in annual earnings.
Bribery is often found to be a clear-cut form of corruption when the transaction of giving an unearned reward and receiving a benefit is evident.
Lobbyists have been accused of blurring these lines, however. The practice is intended to mobilise communities and help direct politicians to make decisions that are in the best interest of the public, but this also opens up opportunities for special interest groups and powerful members of the private sector to sway policy.
Lobbyists and climate change
In 2021 fossil fuel companies spent over US$115M lobbying for oil and gas, according to Impact Lab, an independent think tank with a focus on the climate crisis.
Lobbying, however, also includes making connections with government officials in addition to these campaign contributions and donations.
In an interview with Greenpeace UK in June 2021, Keith McCoy, now an ex-executive of Exxon Mobil, explained the process by which the oil and gas company goes about forming these:
β[β¦] You can go to the chief and say [β¦] we need congressman so and so to introduce this bill, we need him to make a floor statement, we need him to send a letter, you name it. Weβve asked for everything.β He went on to list 11 US senators as being βcrucialβ to Exxon Mobil.
The incentive for engaging in lobbying, according to McCoy, is the need to look out for the companyβs interests (e.g., profits) as well as those of its shareholders.
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, however, a just energy transition towards a less carbon intensive society is critical to solving climate change. Climate action therefore involves moving away from fossil fuels for the highest greenhouse gas emitting countries.
With this in mind, climate activists are working to bring greater attention to the fossil fuel industryβs attempts to divert legislation away from impactful climate action.
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