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It’s time someone took responsibility for Rukban, the forgotten refugee camp

Jordan is once again dumping refugees in Rukban camp, the US-led no man’s land at the epicentre of conflict where human rights groups say conditions are some of the worst in the world.

The Jordanian government has deported dozens of Syrian refugees seeking asylum in their sovereign borders to a desolate camp on the Syria-Jordan border known as Rukban camp over the past few months. According to human rights watchdogs conditions in Rukban have been deteriorating for some years, and these attempted repatriations breach international law.

As well as calling into question the legitimacy of the Jordanian authorities, this discovery is a reminder to the transnational community that one of the world’s most dire centres for displaced persons is essentially being left to its own devices.

Rukban camp is situated in a strategic foothold of the Levant region where the Jordanian, Syrian, and Iraqi borders intersect, and the land is ostensibly controlled by the US military. However, any sense of pastoral care for the dispossessed here seems to have been abandoned, as the US, Syria, Jordan, and Iraq administrations have all abdicated responsibility for the Rukban inhabitants.

Speaking to Foreign Policy, 30-year-old Syrian brick mason Alaa al-Hassan said he was deported to Rukban from Jordan where he’d sought asylum earlier this month, with no trial, legal recourse, or explanation from Jordanian officials.

‘It feels as though I’ve been wiped out of existence’ Hassan told the magazine, stating that since arriving at the camp he’s been sleeping on the floor of an empty shack owned by another civilian.

Conditions at the camp are reportedly brutal – summers in the region are fiercely hot and ripe for the spread of disease (clearly an enhanced danger in 2020), and bitterly cold winters were responsible for the deaths of at least eight infants in a single month last year.

Residents have been forced to rely on smuggled goods – from fresh produce to medicine and cleaning supplies – trucked across the desert. Water is piped across the border by the UN.

The camp receives almost no aid deliveries because of its location in contested land. Following an attack by the Islamic State in 2016, Jordan closed its border and restricted humanitarian access to the camp; the Syrian government and Russian allied forces have ceaselessly blocked aid to the area in a perceived effort to force coalition forces out, and the United States, which notionally has control over the area, has done close to nothing in terms of providing direct humanitarian assistance to the people of Rukban.

Children play football in Rukban

Things have reportedly become so bad in the neglected camp that refugees are opting to return to government-controlled parts of Syria itself – the land they fought so hard to escape.

‘It’s an impossible choice,’ said Marie Forestier, a Middle East researcher at Amnesty International. According to Forestier, these deportation cases constitute a clear violation of international human rights law on the part of the Jordanian government, particularly those prohibiting refoulement, the practice of sending refugees and asylum seekers to countries where they risk facing persecution.

‘One of them told me, “I would rather die here in Rukban”—where residents have no reliable access to sufficient food and water—“than risking my life by going back to Syrian government-controlled areas.”’

The population in Rukban has dwindled significantly since the camp was set up in 2015, from roughly 45,000 in 2018 to an estimated 10,000 to 12,000 today. But all governments with an objective stake in the conflict have effectively abandoned those who do remain.

Syrian Refugees in Border Camp Face Humanitarian Crisis | Voice of America - English

Though the US military presence in this area of Syria is centred around the el-Tanf military base, which is only 15 miles from the camp, no US aid has been forthcoming. When asked about whether the US was neglecting its duty to the camp’s residents in an interview last year, the US special envoy to Syria James Jeffrey stated in a press conference that ‘the military is a little tired of having everybody else in the US government constantly turning to it to do civilian things.’

A legal analysis of the situation, however, states that occupying powers in international armed conflicts have a duty to ensure food and medical supplies to a population if resources in the area they control are inadequate. According to Carolyn O’Connor, a Yale Law School graduate who specialises in displaced persons litigation, both the US and Jordan have violated the Geneva convention regarding their duties as actors in an international conflict.

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