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Is burning trash really the lesser evil of waste management?

A significant number of trash incinerators are operating across the US. Proponents of this type of waste management proclaim it environmentally preferable to landfill, but how much of a lesser evil is it – if at all?

A proverbial ‘steaming pile of garbage’ has no redeemable qualities, but there is a notable upside to be gleaned from real-life trash incineration.

For well over a century now, parts of the US have been generating energy by burning huge piles of garbage. This process is particularly prevalent in Florida, a state which combusts 8% of its refuse and plans to upscale its ‘waste-to-energy’ operation beyond 75 existing facilities.

First igniting as a concept in the 1980s, trash incineration was billed as a preferable alternative to the ecological scourge of landfill sites and also a somewhat renewable way of generating power for homes and businesses – as garbage is essentially never ending.

It would seem the extent of the latter benefit was grossly exaggerated, however, as combusting garbage for steam only accounts for a single percent of the nation’s total energy production.

On the contrary, the power generated is described as a ‘nice to have’ by Joe Kilsheimer, executive director of the Florida Waste-to-Energy Coalition. The primary motivation had always been to ease the burden on landfill as the sole carrier of waste-management.

The most contentious point of debate, is whether or not the system should be viewed as renewable or not. While proponents are quick to call out the huge methane footprint associated with refuse dumps, it’s proven that trash combustion generates carbon emissions.

In-fact, certain studies suggest that burning trash emits more greenhouse gases per unit of energy than coal plants. ‘It is the dirtiest way to produce energy,’ argues Bradley Marshall, a senior attorney with nonprofit Earthjustice.

Though the EPA requires facilities to update their systems to lesser harmful methods, they still release several toxic substances including mercury and lead today. A 2020 study conducted by the Australian National University Medical School suggested trash combustion had potential links to cancers, heart and lung diseases, and miscarriages.

Though those claims remain largely unratified, there have been first-hand accounts of health issues caused by the fumes. Following a three-week fire at the Doral plant in the Sunshine state, residents reported onsets of rashes, allergies, and respiratory issues, as well as an obvious ‘horrendous’ smell which plagued the surrounding area.

Despite the incident, Florida Governor Ron DeSantis signed off on a law that will allow municipalities to apply for grants to erect new waste-to-energy facilities. Some may apply for tax credits associated with renewable and alternative fuels, if they’re found eligible for such credits.

This would prove to be a controversial development, as you could argue that taxpayer dollars would be being diverted away from established renewable sources like wind and solar when we need to grow both sectors.

When it comes to our ultra-delicate ecological situation, we’re probably better served relying on systems that aren’t dubious or are known to have sizable caveats. Chuck it on the garbage heap.

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